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Axe d’étude 2 : L’art qui fait débat

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Art and controversy

Art and controversy throughout history

Art has often sparked controversy. Books have been banned or censored. Artists have even, in some cases, been jailed and their works destroyed. Museums have had public funding withdrawn because exhibits were deemed offensive. Many artists throughout history have felt it essential to challenge society's norms and standards, thereby testing the limits of freedom of expression.

Evolution of artistic perception

Art historians point out that works, which were considered to be scandalous and caused a stir decades or centuries ago, no longer shock modern audiences. Artists who were once criticized are now universally acclaimed for having been able to think outside the box.

Examples of controversial literary works

Lolita by Vladimir Nabokov

For example, nowadays no one disputes the literary merits of Lolita (1954) by Vladimir Nabokov. Yet, when it came out the novel was banned in several countries including Britain, France, Australia and other places.

The Catcher in the Rye by J.D. Salinger

J.D. Salinger's novel The Catcher in the Rye (1951), which was hailed in The New Yorker magazine as a "brilliant, funny, meaningful" book is banned in many schools. Yet, today it is still a best seller.

Lady Chatterley's Lover by D.H. Lawrence

In 1960, when Penguin Books tried to publish D. H. Lawrence's novel Lady Chatterley's Lover, which had been written in 1928, they were taken to court. They were charged with publishing an obscene book but eventually won the case and were allowed to sell the novel.

Contemporary art controversy

Tracey Emin's iconic work "My Bed" (1998), which was at first described by many critics as distasteful, recently sold for over $2 million.

SUMMARY

Quotations

Art and Morality: Perspectives on Artistic Responsibility

The Artist's Independence from Moral Obligation

Oscar Wilde argued in the Preface to The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) that "No artist desires to prove anything. … No artist has ethical sympathies." This perspective suggests that artists should remain detached from moral considerations in their creative work.

Art as a Source of Shock and New Perspectives

According to The New York Times, "a form of shock is to some degree, however small, present in most aesthetic experiences." This notion connects to the broader question raised by Artland: "After all, isn't the role of the artist to create new perspectives through their artworks?"

Literature's Inherent Harmlessness

Geoffrey Robertson QC defended literature's moral neutrality in The Guardian, stating that "the message of Lady Chatterley's Lover, …, is that literature in itself does no harm at all." He argued that "the damage that gets attributed to books – and to plays and movies and cartoons- is caused by the actions of people who try to suppress them."

Art's Moral Detachment

The New York Times observed that "Lolita is a study in seduction of many sorts, not least the seduction of art, which turns out to have no morality at all." This reinforces the concept that art exists independently of moral frameworks.

SUMMARY

Vocabulary

Vocabulary: Art, Censorship and Legal Terms

Censorship and Banning

  • to ban : interdire
  • to censor : censurer
  • censorship : la censure
  • to withdraw : retirer

Art and Recognition

  • an exhibit : une exposition
  • to cause a stir : faire sensation
  • to be acclaimed : être reconnu
  • to think outside the box : sortir du cadre, des sentiers battus
  • to be hailed : être salué (par la critique)

Legal and Financial Terms

  • public funding : financements publics
  • to be taken to court : être poursuivi en justice
  • QC: Queen's Counsel : avocat expert de très haut niveau

General Terms

  • to deem : considérer
  • thereby : ainsi
  • distasteful : de mauvais goût
  • to do harm : faire du mal, nuire

SUMMARY

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